Introduction / Rationale Accurate assessment of health literacy is essential for effective healthcare interventions. The European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire – 16 items (HLS-EU-Q16) and the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire – 6 items (HLS-EU-Q6 are widely used health literacy scales, but their psychometric properties have not been validated with the Korean populations. This study examines the reliability and validity of the Korean versions of these scales using the Rasch model. Objectives This study aims to validate the psychometric properties of the Korean HLS-EU-Q16 and HLS-EU-Q6 health literacy scales and explore their potential as reliable and efficient tools for assessing health literacy. Methods / Approach Data from 300 adults in the 2021 Korea Health Panel dataset were analyzed. Rasch analysis was conducted to examine unidimensionality, local independence, response scale appropriateness, item difficulty and fit, differential item functioning (DIF), floor and ceiling effects, and reliability. Results / Practice Implications The HLS-EU-Q16 was found suitable for detailed health literacy assessments, while the HLS-EU-Q6 was efficient for brief evaluations. The HLS-EU-Q16 exhibited potential multidimensionality, whereas the HLS-EU-Q6 met the unidimensionality assumption. Both scales demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.94 for HLS-EU-Q16; 0.90 for HLS-EU-Q6), and no significant sex-related DIF was observed. Conclusion / Significance to the Occupational Therapy Profession The HLS-EU-Q16 and HLS-EU-Q6 scales are reliable and valid for assessing health literacy in Korea. The HLS-EU-Q16 is appropriate for in-depth evaluations, while the HLS-EU-Q6 provides a concise alternative. Future research should refine response scales and address multidimensionality concerns to enhance their applicability in diverse settings, including occupational therapy practice. Keywords: Health literacy, Rasch analysis, HLS-EU-Q16, HLS-EU-Q6, psychometric validation, reliability, validity