Purpose: This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Attention Skill Therapy (AST ride) protocol, an Equine-Assisted Occupational Therapy (EAOT) intervention, in improving participation and skill development in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). ADHD, characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, often leads to significant impairments in executive functions (EFs), task performance, and cognitive-emotional and sensory-motor abilities. Existing interventions primarily target cognitive or behavioral aspects, leaving a gap in addressing comprehensive participation and functional skill development.
Design: A prospective cohort study using an Interrupted Time-Series design was conducted with 50 participants (mean age = 9.51 years, SD = 1.52) with ADHD and their parents. Assessments occurred at four time points: baseline (T1), pre-test after a 12-week waiting period (T2), post-test following a 12-week intervention (T3), and three-month follow-up (T4). The intervention was delivered by a licensed EAOT practitioner, and assessments were conducted by a blinded occupational therapist.
Method: Participation and performance were measured using the Child Performance Skill Questionnaire (PSQ), Child Participation Questionnaire (CPQ), and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM).
Results: Significant improvements were observed in participation (CPQ) and performance skills (PSQ), with COPM indicating enhanced everyday performance and satisfaction post-intervention.
Conclusion: The AST ride protocol effectively improves participation and performance skills in children with ADHD, addressing critical gaps in existing interventions and offering a comprehensive approach to managing ADHD-related challenges.