Introduction
In rehabilitation, self-efficacy is related to performance of upper extremity (UE) activities of daily living in stroke patients. The Confidence in Arm and Hand Movement (CAHM) scale, developed by Lewithwaite et al., assesses self-efficacy for UE function in social contexts for stroke patients.
Objectives
To investigate the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the CAHM (CAHM-J) among stroke patients.
Methods
This study was conducted among stroke patients who were inpatients or outpatients at a rehabilitation hospital in Japan (median time since onset(days), 75.0). Convergent validity was assessed by evaluating the degree of association of CAHM-J scores with the Motor Activity Log (MAL) scores for Amount of Use (AOU) and Quality of Movement (QOM), the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) scores, using Spearman's correlation method. Test-retest reliability was determined by estimating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the CAHM-J.
Results
Thirty patients (median age (years), 64.5; sex (male), 56%) were included. UE self-efficacy, as measured by the CAHM-J, showed significant correlations with the FMA (ρ = 0.69), MAL-AOU (ρ = 0.70), and MAL-QOM (ρ = 0.79). In contrast, no significant correlation was found between the CAHM-J and FIM (ρ = 0.21). Test-retest reliability of the CAHM-J was excellent, with an ICC value of 0.90 (95％ confidence interval, 0.75-0.96).
Conclusion
The CAHM-J reported strong reliability and validity among stroke patients. Our findings suggest that incorporating the CAHM-J into rehabilitation programs could help understand and improve self-efficacy in UE function, ultimately enhancing stroke recovery outcomes.