Introduction / Rationale:
Dementia is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, affecting memory and daily functioning. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as day care services, are recognized for their potential to delay cognitive deterioration. However, there is limited research on longitudinal cognitive changes in dementia patients attending day care centers.
Objectives: This study investigates changes in cognitive function and influencing factors among dementia patients attending day care centers. Specifically, this study aimed to explore how cognitive function evolves over time and what baseline characteristics (e.g., age, education level, cognitive status) moderate this progression.
Methods / Approach: A longitudinal observational study assessed cognitive function using the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive Subscale at five time points (baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months). Data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations.
Results / Practice Implications: Cognitive function generally declines significantly after six months. Baseline cognitive function, education level, and age were identified as moderators of cognitive deterioration. Gender, activities of daily living, and lower extremity muscle power did not significantly influence cognitive decline.These findings suggest that day care services may not uniformly benefit all dementia patients, with more pronounced cognitive decline observed in older individuals with lower education levels and baseline cognitive function.
Conclusion / Contribution to Occupational Therapy: This study contributes to the understanding of cognitive changes in dementia patients attending day care centers. This study highlights the importance of tailoring interventions based on individual characteristics to maximize the effectiveness of day care services in delaying cognitive decline. Future research should focus on developing personalized strategies to enhance cognitive preservation in dementia care settings.