Introduction/Rationale: Nature-based therapy has been shown to enhance psychological, physical, and overall well-being across diverse patient groups. Experiential learning strengthens these therapeutic benefits, particularly in mental health settings. However, occupational therapists (Ots) face both internal and external barriers to implementing experiential learning in and with nature (ELNA).
Objectives: This study aimed to identify challenges practitioners encounter in implementing ELNA, highlight expert-recommended facilitators, and develop a manual to support OTs in integrating ELNA into their practice.
Methods/Approach: This action-oriented qualitative field study explored practitioners’ experiences, perceptions, and challenges with ELNA. Given its interdisciplinary nature, practitioners from various mental health disciplines were included to ensure diverse insights. Nature-based focus groups, structured using the KAWA model, facilitated in-depth discussions about barriers – first with Flemish practitioners in Belgium, then with European practitioners in Latvia. Structured interviews with ELNA experts were conducted to identify best practices for overcoming these challenges. Verbatim data were segment-based coded and analyzed inductively.
Results/Practice implications: Barriers were categorized into six themes – Physical context, Society, Organization, Therapist, Client, and Colleagues- further divided into twenty subthemes. An affinity diagram was created to structure expert interviews. Each identified barrier was addressed by corresponding facilitators, leading to the development of a practical manual for Ots seeking to implement ELNA in mental health settings.
Conclusion/Contribution to the occupational therapy profession: This study identifies key barriers to implementing ELNA in mental health settings and provides facilitators to support its adoption. The resulting manual offers a structured approach to integrating ELNA into therapy, enhancing its feasibility and effectiveness in promoting mental well-being, especially in a world where nature-based therapy is often neglected.